BU Insight: Journal of Religious Studies
BU Insight: Journal of Religious Studies is a prestigious academic publication dedicated to exploring the profound influence of religious thought and practice across the world. Renowned for its scholarly rigor, Insight publishes peer-reviewed research that delves into diverse areas of religious study, offering valuable insights from both African and international scholars. The journal is particularly revered across West Africa and beyond, celebrated for its commitment to interpreting the Scriptures in their final form while underscoring their relevance in contemporary society. Scope Insight publishes original research and scholarly articles in the following areas: Biblical Studies: Research on the historical, literary, and theological aspects of the Bible, including exegesis, hermeneutics, and scriptural interpretation. Systematic Theology: Exploration of theological doctrines, including but not limited to the nature of God, Christology, salvation, eschatology, and ecclesiology. Comparative Religion: Studies comparing various religious traditions, their beliefs, practices, and worldviews. Christian Ministry: Articles focusing on pastoral care, leadership, and practices within Christian communities. Missiology: Research in the field of mission studies, focusing on the spread of Christianity, its cultural engagement, and missional approaches across diverse contexts. Contemporary Religious Issues: Examination of modern religious challenges, including interfaith dialogue, religious tolerance, globalization, and the role of religion in public life. Interdisciplinary Studies: Articles that explore the intersection of religious studies with fields like philosophy, sociology, anthropology, political science, and history. All articles undergo a thorough peer-review process to ensure the highest scholarly standards. Insight is available in both print and electronic formats and is a fully Open Access journal. With Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) for enhanced visibility, every article is freely accessible to scholars and readers worldwide. The journal is indexed in prominent academic databases including Google Scholar, OpenAIRE, Zenodo, ScienceGate, CrossRef, Web of Science, Academia.edu, and PKP, ensuring that all publications receive the recognition and visibility they deserve within the global academic community. Editorial Team Chairman Theodore U. Dickson, PhD Editor Theodore U. Dickson, PhD Associate Editors Prof. Adelowo F. Adetunji Prof. Michael O. Akpa Prof. Joseph A. Olanrewaju Dr. Babalola James A.O. Dr. Eregare Emmanuel Oladosu Opeyemi, MA Ikhane Harriet, MA Business Manager James A.O. Babalola, PhD Associate Business Manager Harriet O. Ikhane, MA Consulting/Advisory Board Prof. Chris U. Manus (Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria) Prof. Friday M. Mbon (University of Calabar, Nigeria) Prof. Sampson M. Nwaomah (Adventist University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya) Prof. Chun Sik Park (Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea) Prof. Bruce Bauer (Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI, USA) Daniel Kwame Bediako, PhD (BRI Member, USA)
THE FEMINIST DECONSTRUCTION OF THE FAMILY: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS AND THE RISE OF A BIBLICAL COUNTER-PARADIGM
This paper examines the feminist intellectual and political project as a principal catalyst for the systematic re-examination and transformation of the patriarchal family in Western society. Through a historical analysis structured around the evolving "waves" of feminism, it traces how feminist theory has reconceptualized the family from a presumed natural, divine institution to a social construct underpinned by power relations. The analysis demonstrates how successive feminist movements - from first-wave assaults on coverture to fourth-wave digital activism - have critically engaged with the legal, economic, and ideological foundations of the heteronormative nuclear family, facilitating a significant diversification of family forms and a redefinition of kinship. In response to this century-long critique, a significant counter-paradigm emerged in the late twentieth century: evangelical complementarianism. This modern theological framework, explicitly formulated as a defense of perceived created gender distinctions against feminist thought, positions itself as the biblical model for family structure. This paper argues that the contemporary landscape of family and gender relations is fundamentally shaped by the dialectical tension between these co-constituted paradigms - one seeking liberation through social reimagination, the other seeking order through the affirmation of a theological vision of created complementarity.
Copyright (c) 2026 BU Insight: Journal of Religious Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE AFRICAN COURT OF CANDACE: AN EXEGETICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF ACTS 8:27 AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE EARLY CHRISTIAN MISSION
This paper presents a comprehensive exegetical and historical analysis of Acts 8:27, focusing on the figure of Candace, Queen of the Ethiopians. Utilizing the historical-grammatical method, it argues that Luke’s specific mention of Candace is a deliberate and theologically significant narrative device, not a casual detail. The study first establishes the robust historical context, demonstrating that “Candace” (Greek Kandakē) was not a personal name but the royal title for the powerful, independent queens of the Kingdom of Kush, centered at Meroë in Nubia. This sophisticated African civilization maintained complex trade and diplomatic relations with the Roman world, and Luke’s accurate use of the title anchors the narrative in a verifiable geopolitical reality. The exegesis then reveals how the Ethiopian eunuch, as the chief treasurer of this Kandake, embodies a “triple outsider” - ethnically (from the “ends of the earth”), physically and ritually (a eunuch excluded by Deuteronomy 23:1), and religiously (a Gentile seeker). His conversion, facilitated by Philip, systematically dismantles these barriers, dramatically fulfilling Old Testament prophecies of inclusion (Isaiah 56:3-5) and the pilgrimage of the nations (Psalm 68:31). Finally, the paper explores the profound implications of this encounter. It contends the episode marks the intentional, Spirit-led expansion of the gospel beyond the Jewish world, as outlined in Acts 1:8. The eunuch’s return “rejoicing” to the African court positions him as the first African evangelist, establishing a paradigm for indigenous, cross-cultural mission. This narrative affirms Africa’s foundational role in Christian history from the apostolic era and offers a powerful, enduring model for a gospel of radical inclusion and indigenous agency.
SPEAKING THE TRUTH IN LOVE: CHRISTIAN INTEGRITY IN THE AGE OF MISINFORMATION
In an era dominated by digital media, the rapid spread of misinformation, half-truths, and online hostility challenges Christians to uphold biblical principles of truth and love. This paper explores the intersection of faith, integrity, and social engagement in the digital age, drawing from Ephesians 4:15: “Rather, speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, into Christ” (ESV). As misinformation becomes increasingly prevalent, Christians are called to engage in truthful and loving communication. This paper argues that biblical principles provide a framework for ethical speech, discernment, and social engagement, equipping believers to navigate digital interactions with integrity and grace. A multidisciplinary approach is employed, integrating biblical exegesis, theological reflection, and practical application. Scriptural analysis examines biblical teachings on truth (John 8:32), wisdom (Colossians 4:6), and discernment (1 John 4:1). Contemporary case studies highlight the real-world impact of misinformation on Christian witness. At the same time, interactive discussions provide practical strategies for responsible engagement in digital spaces. By fostering Christ-centered integrity, this paper aims to equip believers to be salt and light (Matthew 5:13-16), offering a redemptive voice in an age of confusion. It further explores the theological, ethical, and pastoral implications of speaking the truth in love in the contemporary age of misinformation.
Socio-Religious Relevance of Bo,ske ta. avrni,a mou (Feed my Lambs) in John 21:15-17 to the 21st Century Ministers of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
This study explores the socio-religious relevance of the command "Feed my lambs" bo,ske ta. avrni,a mou in John 21:15–17, specifically addressing its implications for 21st century ministers of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Through an exegetical and contextual analysis, the research situates Christ’s tripartite questioning of Peter within the Johannine literary and scriptural framework, examining how this dialogue transitions from Peter’s past failure to a future apostolic office rooted in love. The investigation includes a detailed textual and linguistic analysis of key Greek terms specifically the interplay between avgapa,w and file,w/ translated (love), and bo,skw “feed” and poimai,nw “shepherd” to determine the functional scope of pastoral care. Findings suggest that the directive extends beyond literal shepherding to a holistic nurturing of the Church community, addressing the spiritual, physical, social, mental, and emotional needs of the flock. Furthermore, the study aligns this biblical mandate with Seventh-day Adventist holistic anthropology, which views the body, soul, and spirit as an integrated whole, necessitating a ministry that meets people at the point of their “felt needs”, regardless. Ultimately, the research concludes that John 21:15–17 serves as a guiding principle for relational, proactive, and compassionate leadership, empowering modern ministers to navigate 21st century moral and social complexities while modeling Christ’s sacrificial love.
EDUCATION LEGACY AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF SDA PRIMARY SCHOOL IPOTI-EKITI ALUMNI CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMUNITY
This study examines the educational influence of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Ipoti and its impact on the local host community’s social, cultural, and economic development. Utilizing historical research methods, including primary sources such as church records, school documents, and personal accounts, as well as secondary sources like historical encyclopedias and journal articles, the study reveals that the church's efforts led to the establishment of schools, the training of local leaders, and the promotion of literacy and numeracy. The emphasis on holistic education, encompassing spiritual, academic, and vocational training, led to the emergence of influential community members who substantially shaped and contributed to the town's development. The study concludes that the SDA Church's influence on Ipoti Ekiti has been profound, driving socio-economic growth, shaping the community's values, and fostering a culture of excellence. The study recommends that the church sustain its investment in education through the establishment of higher institutions within the community as an extension to its social compensation commission, thereby enhancing local development and promoting sustainable growth in the wider region. By exploring the intersection of education and community development, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and community leaders seeking to replicate the SDA Church's successful model. . . . . .
IMMANUEL AND JESUS: NAME, PROPHECY, AND THEOLOGICAL TENSION IN BIBLICAL TRADITION
The relationship between the name Immanuel in Isaiah 7:14 and the name Jesus in Matthew 1:21–23 discloses a persistent hermeneutical tension in biblical tradition. Isaiah presents a child who is to be called Immanuel, meaning “God with us,” within a defined historical crisis, while Matthew narrates a birth in which the child is named Jesus, a name grounded in the motif of salvation, “YHWH saves.” Jewish interpreters have long regarded the divergence as decisive against Christian claims of fulfilment, because prophetic naming functions as a sign whose integrity should not be displaced. Christian interpretation has typically responded by distinguishing between personal name and theological title, or by appealing to typological fulfilment as a legitimate rereading of Israel’s Scriptures. This article investigates the historical context of Isaiah 7, interrogates the linguistic complexities arising from Matthew’s citation practice, and analyses the theological strategies employed to preserve coherence within Christian tradition. It argues, however, that the tension between the Isaianic context and its Matthean appropriation remains unresolved at the level of historical exegesis. It further considers how African biblical scholarship, shaped by both critical responsibility and contextual imagination, can engage the text with intellectual integrity and pastoral realism. The study concludes that doctrinal synthesis may achieve coherence within faith communities, yet scholarly clarity requires admitting the distance between Isaianic sign and Matthean proclamation rather than dissolving it by rhetorical harmonisation. .
COVENANT MEAL OR MIRACLE MEAL? A CRITIQUE OF HOLY COMMUNION SERVICE IN SELECTED NIGERIAN CHURCHES IN THE CONTEXT OF 1 CORINTHIANS 11:24-29
There are significant theological and ethical issues raised by the increasing trivialisation and commercialisation of Holy Communion in Nigerian churches, which warrant thorough scholarly investigation. The serious warnings against unworthy participation in 1 Corinthians 11:24-29 are largely overlooked in existing research on Eucharistic practice in Nigeria, which often highlights its communal, healing, and charismatic features. This study examines four Nigerian denominations, including the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Living Faith Church (also known as Winners Chapel), the Catholic Church, and the Apostolic Faith Church, to critically analyse how Holy Communion is understood and misinterpreted in practice. The aim is to gain a better understanding of these churches’ views and practices regarding the sacrament, with particular focus on its communal, ethical, and covenantal dimensions. The research is confined to these four denominations to facilitate a focused comparative theological analysis within contemporary Nigerian Christianity. A qualitative methodology, incorporating doctrinal analysis, participant observation, and a review of official church documents, provides a detailed insight into sacramental practices. Results indicate a widespread neglect of ethical preparation and covenantal theology, resulting in the commodification of rituals and undermining communal integrity. The study concludes that Nigerian churches must reclaim a balanced Eucharistic theology that includes covenant fidelity, ethical seriousness, and communal responsibility. It advocates for renewed catechesis, enhanced pastoral oversight, and contextually appropriate sacramental discipline.
A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF THE MEDIA AND CHURCH GROWTH: A CASE STUDY OF MOUNTAIN OF FIRE AND MIRACLES MINISTRIES
The influence of media on societal dynamics has been transformative, particularly in communication, information dissemination and social connectivity. This transformation has significantly impacted religious institutions, reshaping how churches operate, evangelize and engage with their congregations, ultimately affecting church growth. The elite makeup of several Pentecostal churchesin no small way unites them with modern technologies. In Nigerian Pentecostalism, communication channels play a crucial role in spreading teachings, sermons and information among the congregants. The communication channel encompasses the use of media, which includes electronic, print, broadcast and social media. The rapid growth in the number of church attendees at the Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries (MFM) has caused a lag in the dissemination of information, as well as the inability to reach the unreached. This vacuum led to a call for strategies and effective measures to solve this challenge, such as the use of the media as a way of communication. This study is concerned with a sociological exploration of the use of media in harnessing the growth of the Church and communication with her members. It adopts the mixed methodology (qualitative and quantitative exploration) approach to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Key informant interviews were conducted among 4 persons (3 males and 1 female), comprising Pastors and an administrator. Questionnaires were also distributed among 209 respondents, encompassing both males and females. Using the inferential statistics, the data were descriptively analysed using frequency distribution tables and appropriate charts for the assessment. Sociologically, the media has resulted in membership retention, economic gain and promotion of the church’s image, increased community Engagement and Social Integration. This research recommends the need for intensive follow-up and discipleship, reevaluation of messages and sermons and the need to reinstate the emphasis on social inclusivism times among members of MFM.
Copyright (c) 2025 BU Insight: Journal of Religious Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INCULTURATION OF CHRISTIANITY IN YORUBA LAND: A STRATEGY FOR CULTURAL PRESERVATION AND RESISTANCE
The Western missionaries of the nineteenth Century tried to preserve Christianity by restricting the introduction of the culture and traditions of Africans to prevent syncretism. The Europeanised Christianity presented to the Yoruba obliterated Yoruba culture and social norms. Alienation of African culture and political subjugation of Africans in the church and the larger society by the missionaries and the colonialists propelled a sense of activism and resistance by African Christians. This paper makes a historical appraisal of the raison d’être of Aladura Churches in Yoruba land to showcase how their emergence helped to integrate the Christian faith with Yoruba cultural values and traditions. Historical analysis and review of relevant literature were the tools for gathering data for this study. Resting on cultural preservation theory, this paper argues that for Christianity to remain ubiquitous with sound theology that resonates with the yearnings of Yoruba people of the present age, inculturation is inevitable. African rituals, symbols and customs, adoption of Yoruba language, music and traditional musical instruments are practices borrowed from African indigenous religion. They served as tools for the preservation of Yoruba cultural heritage and social identity. The zeal to preserve African heritage strengthened the resilience of African cultures and socio-political emancipation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. On the religious landscape, it led to the establishment of African Pentecostalism with a distinct Christian theology that expresses African spirituality. The paper canvases for a continued purging of neo-imperialism to ensure Yoruba cultural heritage thrives in the face of globalization.
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN ELLEN G. WHITE’S WRITINGS IN AFRICA (Part Two)
This article addresses the persistent misinterpretations of Ellen White’s statements on three contentious issues: amalgamation, interracial marriage, and the Solusi land. To provide clarity and promote a deeper understanding of Ellen White’s writings, this paper outlines three essential principles for interpreting her work. These principles, grounded in Adventist teachings and hermeneutics, are applied to each of the three issues, revealing a balanced and contextualized understanding of Ellen White’s statements. The paper attempts to carefully examine the historical, cultural, and theological contexts in which Ellen White wrote. It aims to correct common misinterpretations and provide a more accurate understanding of her views on these topics. Ultimately, this research seeks to contribute to a more informed and respectful discussion within the Adventist community, and to promote a deeper appreciation for the complexity and richness of Ellen White’s writings.
FROM GROWTH WITH GRUMBLING TO GROWTH WITHOUT GRUMBLING: THE ACTS 6 MODEL
The church depicted in Acts 6 was bedevilled with grumblings and divisions occasioned by perceived racial discrimination. This study explores factors that facilitated the turnaround from grumblings to unity and a sense of belonging described later in the passage. A rhetorical analysis reveals a concentric structure with parallels corresponding inversely. The theme of growth sandwiches the appointment of the Seven, whose appointment significantly shifts the focus to the Gentile mission. The parallels indicate the centrality of a Spirit-filled leadership, a theology of mission that prioritizes the ministry of the word without neglecting the ministry of material needs. The result was a cohesive community of the faithful energized for further growth. The apostles reinvented themselves by adapting to new circumstances with unprecedented solutions to the challenge of disunity. The leadership was diversified, and members were enabled to access decision-making. Propelled by the promise of Acts 1:8 as a basis of their theology of mission, they mediated a vibrant cross-cultural community of faith. Luke uses the appointment of the Seven as a bridge in his narrative for the mission beyond Jerusalem. The progress report in Acts 6:1-7 shows the life of the community of faith influencing further growth. A model emerging from the study for application to contemporary growth challenges is Spirit-filled leadership. Anchored in the commission of Jesus, this model will mediate through preaching, prayer and ministering to the material needs of the members, thereby creating a cohesive cross-cultural community of faith which is a catalyst for wholistic church growth and expansion.
FAITH AND ETHICS: THE TRANSFORMATIVE LEGACY OF RAHAB IN SCRIPTURE
This paper investigates the ethics of Rahab, the Canaanite in Joshua 2:1-7, through which this Gentile Canaanite woman made a significant contribution to the Bible and its implications for contemporary discussion about faith, justice, and morality. Exegetically, the paper draws on Rahab's act of receiving Israelite explorers as a starting point from which to recognize the quandary ביננוּ (between us)—the often two-sided nature of living in oppressive and unjust contexts. How do her actions affect one's sense of truthfulness, and what does a higher moral imperative suggest about ethical loyalty? Her place in the genealogy of Jesus, alongside many other unexpected women, and her affirmation in the New Testament as "a great example of faith" demonstrate redemption and forgiveness that challenge notions about criminality or stigma where a person is judged for their former life. This paper focuses on Rahab and, through the study of her story, seeks to expand and deepen the relevance of her story in contemporary ethical discussions–within these, the role that faith plays in ethical consideration will be illuminated for both its pertinence and value-added in ethical reflection.
Copyright (c) 2025 BU Insight: Journal of Religious Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN ELLEN G.WHITE’S WRITINGS IN AFRICA (Part One)
This research highlights the complexities and challenges of interpreting and applying Ellen White’s writings in the African context. The study offers practical ways for African Adventists to contextualize Ellen G. White’s writings, making them relevant to their local settings. The article argues that a more nuanced understanding of her writings, considering the context, and focusing on sola Scriptura and a faithful study of her writings, is essential. This research aims to contribute to a more inclusive and contextualized understanding of Ellen G. White’s writings in Africa, promoting a more empowering approach to Adventist mission and ministry on the continent.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FROM DEATH POT TO HEALTHY LIVING: A DISCOURSE ON VEGETARIANISM AND ADVENTISM
Seventh-day Adventist Church advocates for a plant-based diet, emphasizing the connection between vegetarianism and optimal health. Studies have shown that a vegetarian diet reduces the risk of chronic health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancers. The Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) found that vegetarian Adventists have Lower BMI and blood pressure, reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, improved mental and cognitive function, and stronger immune function. The Adventist health message emphasizes whole, plant-based foods, abstinence from harmful substances including tobacco, alcohol, and hard drugs, regular exercise, rest, stress management, exposure to sunlight, mental well-being, spiritual connection, and good community life. This teaching and practice are rooted in some biblical teachings, including Genesis 1:29 (man’s original diet), Daniel 1:8-16 (vegetarian diet and its health implications), and 3 John 1:2 (physical and spiritual well-being of God’s children). Globally, the teaching and practice of vegetarianism have inspired health reforms, preventive health education, wellness consciousness and the relationship between diet and healthy living. Consequently, this article recommends a plant-based diet, regular physical activities, good stress management, and good community health education to enable people to achieve good health and longevity. It also examines the Adventist health message, vegetarian health benefits, and its alignment with biblical principles. Its significant implications will benefit healthcare professionals, health educators, policy makers, and individuals seeking a sustainable healthy lifestyle.
THE INADEQUACY OF THE POSTMODERN CONCEPT OF THE NEW MORALITY
This paper delves into the intricate moral ideologies of modern and Postmodernism, underscoring the complexity of this recently popularized “new morality” that challenges biblical standards of integrity. The rejection of objective truth and the acceptance of situational ethics are key components of this complex system. The paper also explores the evolution of these ideologies in modern and Postmodernism, discussing their basic tenets and characteristics, and elucidating the factors that led to the adoption of the “new morality.” Unlike Modernism, Postmodernism opposes truth and rationality, favoring the fragmented, constructed, and subjective nature of knowledge. While Postmodernism, through its “new morality,” may present a nuanced and specific account of ethical standards, unlike systematic ethical theories, it also offers a comprehensive and adaptable ethical philosophy, which is increasingly in demand in today’s intricate world. However, the ongoing need for discourse and critical thinking is paramount to fostering conflict resolution in this diverse context. Only the biblical concept of integrity, with its prescriptive and deontological approach to morality, could offer such a robust foundation.
PAUL’S THEOLOGY OF WORK AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR NIGERIA YOUTHS’ ATTITUDE TO WORK
Work is both socio-economic and spiritual activities that attest to the claim that humans are made in the image and likeness of God. God is the originator of work and he commands humanity to work. An individual’s perception of the origin and essence of work therefore influences their attitude to work either as a creative engagement or burdensome activity. In recent times, the erosion of work ethics has opened a door to different attitudes to work such as laziness, incompetency, lack of thoroughness, gross dependency and illegalities. The recent surge in crime rates has been traced to a growing negative attitude to work among the youth. Obsession with quick money-making, disdain for creative labour and traditional vocations are obvious trends which have continued to breed criminalities across age groups this study aims to explore Paul’s theology of work and its importance for youths’ attitude to work. The study employed analytical method and biblical expository method which include analysis of primary and secondary data. The biblical texts were explored through contextual biblical approach. The study revealed that Paul’s theology of work as human participation in God’s creative work of creation and that work is a mean of self-sustainability and expression of human creativity. Paul’s theology on work is therefore valuable in training and reshaping the mind of the youths about the purpose and dignity of labour. Thus, the study recommends that there should be integration of Paul’s principles into various youth empowerment seminar and skill acquisition programs.
CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN CHRISTIAN HOMES AND THE GROWTH OF CHRISTIANITY IN CONTEMPORARY NIGERIA
Conflict resolution is a vital aspect of the church’s responsibilities, increasingly critical in an era where complex social, economic and religious dynamics present unprecedented challenges. This study explores the intricate connection between conflict resolution in Christian homes and the growth of Christianity in contemporary Nigeria. Adopting a theological framework, the research combines an extensive bibliographical review with insights drawn from nearly four decades of personal experience in domestic conflict resolution within the Christian ministry. The study reveals that effective conflict resolution within Christian households creates an environment of peace and stability, which is essential for fostering the broader growth of Christianity. By addressing and resolving conflicts, Christian families can maintain unity and strengthen their commitment to the faith. This, in turn, contributes to a more vibrant and expansive Christian community. The findings underscore that the health of Christian homes is intrinsically linked to the vitality and expansion of the Christian faith, suggesting that prioritising conflict resolution can significantly enhance both individual and collective spiritual growth.
SMALL GROUP EVANGELISM AND CHURCH PLANTING: A 21ST CENTURY METHOD OF SOUL WINNING
In the 21st century, traditional evangelism methods have faced different social and moral challenges, which have affected Church growth, membership nurture, and retention in different parts of the world. To address these challenges, small group evangelism and Church planting have emerged as effective strategies for reaching people and disciplining individuals in today's fast-paced, technologically driven world. This approach leverages the power of relational connections, communal unity, and friendly settings to facilitate spiritual growth, membership stability, and mission drive. Small group evangelism and Church planting offer a scalable, adaptable, and sustainable model for 21st-century soul-winning and its impact cuts across religious and denominational biases as it hangs on positive relationship. The research aims to provide insights into optimizing strategies for effective evangelism and sustainable church growth in today's diverse societal contexts. Through a systematic review of literature, this study examines the theological foundations, practical implementation, and outcomes of small group evangelism and church planting initiatives. This research has significant implications for church leaders, evangelists, and Christian practitioners seeking innovative methods to reach and disciple people in today's complex society and will provide training for leaders in relational evangelism and group facilitation.
PAULINE THEOLOGY OF THE BODY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CHURCH ADMINISTRATION
The concept of the body of Christ, as articulated in Pauline theological thought serves as a foundational framework for church administration. The body metaphor in Paul’s letters underpinned the nature, unity, diversity and organization of the church. It provides the internal dynamic and complexity that subsists between the church and the profound wisdom that governs church administration. The church is made of many parts within the same body. In the context of Nigeria, the church is polarized by various diversities such as the cultural, social, and theological dynamics therefore understanding and applying this concept becomes crucial. The purpose of this study is to explore Paul’s theology of the Body and its implications for Church administration. The study employs the documentation method which involves the exploration of Pauline’s letters such as 1 Corinthians, Romans and Ephesians. The study also includes critical analysis of data gathered from sources like articles, books, commentaries and digital publications. The findings of the study reveal that Pauline theology of the body underpins the diversity, unity and complexity of the church as one living organism. It underscores the relationship and the dynamics that subsist within the church such as interdependence, mutual respect and individual uniqueness as important to church administration. The study concludes that Pauline theology of the body explicates unity in diversity, interdependence, respect and mutual care which are vital to effective church administration and vital to solve administrative conflict in the church.
PROHIBITION OF WOMEN FROM TEACHING IN WORSHIP: AN EXEGETICAL STUDY OF 1 TIMOTHY 2:8-15
The prohibition of women from teaching in worship, particularly in 1 Timothy 2:8-15, has long been a source of controversy. Verses 11-12, which demand women to learn in silence and refrain from teaching, have sparked various interpretations that influence the roles assigned to women in Christian worship. This paper examines Paul’s statement to assess whether it represents a general and timeless prohibition or addresses a specific historical context. Using a historical-grammatical approach, this study analyzes the text’s setting, context, and grammar to uncover Paul’s intention Learning in silence likely pertains to maintaining decorum and order during worship rather than enforcing female subordination. Paul’s reference to the order of creation does not imply women’s inferiority to men, as is evident from Galatians 3:28, where gender distinctions are irrelevant in Christ. Since teaching is a spiritual gift granted to both men and women, it is unlikely that Paul would permanently forbid women from exercising this gift. Instead, the restriction is likely to address a specific situation in the Ephesian church rather than imposing a universal, timeless ban on women’s teaching roles in worship.
INTEGRATING BIBLICAL JUDGEMENT IN THE CLASSROOM: A DIVINE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF MATTHEW 7:1
The meaning of Christ’s “Judge not” statement in Matthew 7:1 has not been fully examined in understanding the appropriate import of Christ's message, first to His first-hand listeners and then to contemporary society. This paper looks at what teachers/mentors and their relationships with students within an academic environment tend to benefit from the concept of divine justice. This study is an exegetical work achieved through syntactical analysis of the various components of the Μὴ κρίνετε, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε. In this study, documentary review is carried out while the grammatical significance of the words of the text is also examined. This study helps to highlight fundamental spiritual principles that guide the act of passing judgment or issuing outright condemnation in the relationship between teachers/mentors and students within an academic setting. It can also serve as a guide for defining the nature of inter-relationship expected between faculty, staff, and students. When personal and professional philosophies are hinged on the viewpoint of the divine concept of true judgment as espoused in Matt 7:1, it will enhance unity, and love, and possibly eradicate the ills associated with loss of intellect, workforce, constructive criticism, and eternity.