Journal of Education, Communication, and Digital Humanities
Journal of Education, Communication, and Digital Humanities is a distinguished, peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Department of Education, School of Education and Humanities, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. The journal is issued quarterly in January, May, and September, and is committed to the dissemination of high-quality, interdisciplinary scholarship that addresses contemporary issues in Education, Communication, Language, Literature, Religion, History, Artificial Intelligence, Technology, Copyright Practices in AI, Private Law in AI, Philosophy, Digital Humanities, and Humanistic Studies. It provides a platform for empirical research, theoretical studies, case analyses, critical essays, and systematic reviews, thereby fostering academic dialogue across traditional and emerging fields. All published articles are assigned Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) and are available in both print and Open Access formats, ensuring global accessibility and visibility. The journal is indexed in major academic databases, including Google Scholar, OpenAIRE, Zenodo, ScienceGate, CrossRef, Academia.edu, and PKP. Scope and Focus The journal welcomes contributions in, but not limited to, the following areas: Education: Educational technology, pedagogy, curriculum design, policy, teacher development, and digital education. Communication: Digital communication, intercultural communication, journalism, public relations, media literacy, and emerging media practices. Digital Humanities: Computational approaches to humanities, digital archives, textual analysis, and the intersection of AI with humanistic inquiry. Language and Literature: Language acquisition and technology, comparative literature, literary theory, translation studies, cultural narratives, and discourse analysis. Humanities, History, and Religion: Interdisciplinary studies in philosophy, culture, history, and religious studies, particularly where they intersect with digital scholarship. Artificial Intelligence, Law, and Computing: AI in education, ethical and legal implications of AI, copyright and intellectual property rights, human-computer interaction, and digital rights. Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Dr. Adeoye O. Ayodele – Department of Education, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State Editors Dr. Kolawole Ayodele – Department of Education, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State Dr. Jegede Francis Olabisi – Department of English Education, Lagos State University of Education, Dr. Sikiru Adeyemi Ogundokun – Department of Foreign Language Studies, Osun State University, Dr. Ngozi Uwannah – Department of Education, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State Ajewole Fola, Department of English, Adeyemi Federal University of Education Ondo Dr. Chibuzor Franklin Akpati – Department of Languages, Glorious Vision University, Ogwa Dr. Gabriel Adeyinka Okunade – Department of English & Literary Studies, Federal University Oye-Ekiti Online and Production Editors Adebayo Akinsanya Atchrimi – Department of Languages (French Unit), Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State Oluseyi Akintunde – Department of Education, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State Consulting Editors Prof. Ademola S. Tayo – Babcock University Prof. Ruth A. Aderanti – Babcock University Prof. ‘Lasun Gbadamosi – Olabisi Onabanjo University Prof. Ayo Hammed – University of Ibadan Prof. James A. Ogunji – Babcock University Prof. Tawanda Runhare – University of Venda, South Africa Prof. Samuel A. Awoniyi – School of Education For any inquiry related to submissions, editorial processes, or general information about the Journal, please click on Contact Us to make your inquiry.
Department of Education, Babcock University
EFFECT OF TEACHING STRATEGIES AND PARENTAL SUPPORT ON STUDENT ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SELECTED SCHOOLS IN EGBEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OYO
Academic achievement is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by a variety of internal and external variables. In the Nigerian educational context, there is a growing concern regarding the declining performance of students relative to social expectations. This study investigated the impact of two critical external determinants: teaching strategies employed by educators and the nature of support provided by parents.The study adopted a survey research design. The population consisted of 910 Junior Secondary School Year 2 (JSS2) students across seven public secondary schools in Egbeda Local Government Area, Oyo State. Using the Taro Yamane formula and cluster sampling, a sample size of 278 students was selected. Data were collected using a structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, which demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients: Teaching Strategies = 0.82; Parental Support = 0.79). Objective academic performance data in Basic Science were obtained from school records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and one-way within-subjects ANOVA via SPSS. The findings revealed a significant main effect of teaching strategies on student academic achievement (F(2.329,659.114)=58.032,p<.0005,ηp2​=.170). Peer teaching (M=20.87) and problem-based teaching (M=20.23) were found to be more effective than direct instruction (M=19.57) and project-based teaching (M=18.94). Furthermore, parental support significantly influenced achievement (F(2.725,771.184)=45.757,p<.0005,ηp2​=.139). Specifically, parental monitoring (M=19.12) and home-based involvement (M=18.15) yielded higher academic mean scores compared to parental communication (M=17.25) and school-based involvement (M=16.89). The study concludes that innovative, student-centered teaching methodologies and active at-home parental monitoring are superior predictors of academic success compared to traditional lecture-based methods and passive school-based parental participation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Education, Communication, and Digital Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Public Relations Strategies for Promoting Peace Building In Multi Ethnic Communities. A Case Study of Takum LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria
This study investigated public relations strategies for promoting peacebuilding in multi-ethnic communities in Nigeria, with specific focus on Takum Local Government Area of Taraba State. The study sought to examine the types of public relations strategies employed in peacebuilding, assess their effectiveness in fostering peaceful coexistence, and identify challenges affecting their application in Takum LGA.A qualitative research design was adopted for the study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions involving community leaders, traditional rulers, religious leaders, youth and women leaders, local government officials, and civil society representatives. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that public relations strategies such as community dialogue, stakeholder engagement, media sensitization, and relationship management are commonly used in promoting peacebuilding in Takum LGA. These strategies have contributed to improved communication, enhanced trust, and reduced ethnic tensions, thereby fostering peaceful coexistence among diverse groups. However, challenges such as deep-rooted ethnic mistrust, limited resources, political interference, and low youth participation hinder the effective application of these strategies. The study concludes that public relations strategies are essential for peacebuilding in multi-ethnic communities, but their success depends on sustained engagement, inclusiveness, and institutional support. The study recommends regular community dialogue, capacity building for local communicators, and increased funding to enhance sustainable peacebuilding in Takum LGA.
Teachers’ Pedagogical Skills, Job Commitment and Students’ Learning Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Iwo Local Government, Osun State
This study focused on teachers’ pedagogical skills, job commitment and learning effectiveness in public secondary schools in Iwo Local Government, Osun State. It used descriptive research design of correlational type. Four thousand, eight hundred and twenty-five SSS III students in the area formed the study population. All the 17 public secondary schools therein were selected purposively, while 356 SSS III students were selected proportionately. Data collection was done via the use of Pedagogical Skills Questionnaire (TPSQ), Job Commitment Questionnaire (JCQ) Students’ Learning Effectiveness Questionnaire (SLEQ). The researchers ensured validity of the instruments. The reliability test conducted on the instruments yielded 0.83, 0.79, and 0.81 for TPSQ, JCQ and LEQ had respectively. Pearson product-moment correlation was used to test hypothesis one and two, while multiple regression was utilised for testing hypothesis three. The study found among others that there was a significant relationship between teachers’ pedagogical skills, job commitment and students’ learning effectiveness (f-value: 534.117, p-value: 0.011; beta weights: .514, .044). It was concluded that teachers’ pedagogical skills play an important role in enhancing learning effectiveness while job commitment is an important instrument which teachers need to be able to actualise learning effectiveness on the part of students. The study recommended that Osun State government should ensure that adequate and periodic capacity building programmes via workshop, symposium, conference, seminar, and lecture are organized for teachers, to continuously equip and update their pedagogical skills needed to process teaching in way that could enhance learning effectiveness.
Public Relations Message Framing and Informal-Sector Tax Compliance Intentions in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
This study examined how public relations (PR) message framing by the Nasarawa State Internal Revenue Service (NSIRS) influences tax compliance intentions among informal-sector operators in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Grounded in Framing Theory, the study adopted a quantitative design combining analysis of NSIRS public communication materials with a survey of informal-sector taxpayers in Lafia. PR messages were categorised into dominant framing types, and their effects on compliance intentions were statistically assessed. Findings show that PR message framing significantly predicts tax compliance intentions, explaining 56% of the observed variance. While gain–loss framing was most frequently employed by NSIRS, cognitive/rational, efficiency-based, and justice-oriented frames exerted the strongest positive influence on taxpayers’ intentions to comply. Emotional, deterrence, and normative/moral frames demonstrated comparatively weaker effects. The study makes an original contribution to PR and tax compliance scholarship in developing contexts by empirically demonstrating that clarity-driven and fairness-oriented PR framing is more effective than fear-based or moral appeals in shaping compliance intentions within the informal sector. It extends framing theory to sub-national revenue communication in Nigeria and offers evidence-based guidance for tax authorities seeking to improve voluntary compliance through strategic public relations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Education, Communication, and Digital Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Activity-Based Instruction on the Self-Efficacy of Secondary School Biology Students in the Gumel Education Zone, Jigawa State, Nigeria
The study investigates the Effect of activity-based instruction on Self-efficacy of Secondary School Students in Biology in Gumel Education Zone, Jigawa State. This study was necessitated due to persistence low performance, the study adopts a Quasi-Experimental Design of Pretest, posttest, Non-Equivalent Groups. Two Objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses guided this study. The population comprised all 2465 Biology students from 17 public Senior Secondary Schools in Gumel Education Zone. A sample of (174) students from two randomly selected coeducational schools was used for the study. The study involves two groups. The experimental group was taught Activity-based Instruction Model while the Control Group was exposed to the same concept using Lecture Method. One instrument were used for data collection which is Genetics Concept Self-efficacy Questionnaire (GCSQ) and have reliability coefficients of 0.85 estimated using Cronbach’s alpha statistic. Research questions were answered using Mean rank and Sum rank statistics while null hypotheses were tested using Independent Samples t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings reveal a significant difference between the mean scores of experimental and control groups in self-efficacy all in favour of the experimental group. The results also show that male and female students in the experimental group do not significantly differ in the variables studied. Based on these findings, the researcher concludes that activity-based instruction is effective and gender-friendly in fostering the examined variable among secondary school Biology students. It is therefore recommended that Biology teachers frequently employ this model in teaching challenging concepts in Biology like Genetics concept.
Acquisition and Utilization of Digital Skills by Librarians for Effective Service Delivery in University Libraries in North-Central Nigeria
The study investigated the acquisition and utilization of digital skills by librarians for effective service delivery in university libraries in North-central Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to determine the mode of acquiring digital skills by librarians for effective service delivery in university libraries in North-Central, Nigeria and also to find out digital skills used by librarians for effective service delivery in university libraries in North-Central, Nigeria. A descriptive survey method was employed, with a population of 243 librarians from 15 public university libraries. No sample was done as a result of the manageable size of the population. The instruments for data collection were questionnaire and interview. The findings showed that, the acquisition and utilization of digital skills to high extent contributes to effective service delivery, regardless of librarians' years of experience, the also showed that using library management software and systems is the digital skill highly used and it has no significant difference in the mean responses of librarians for effective service delivery in university libraries in North-Central, Nigeria. based on highest educational qualification. Based on the findings, it was concluded that university libraries in North-Central Nigeria should invest in targeted training programmes focused on enhancing librarians' proficiency in essential digital skills, including library management software, emerging technologies, online resource evaluation, digital communication, and social media, to improve service delivery; university libraries in North-Central, Nigeria.
University Library Services Digital Service Delivery
Peer-to-Peer Discussions and Consistent Condom Use among Commercial Motorcycle Riders in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Unprotected sex is a significant cause of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV-related infections particularly in Nigeria, where commercial motorcycle riders are likely to engage in multiple sexual partners and have little access to formal sexual health education. This study explored how peer-to-peer conversations can affect regular condom use among commercial motorcycle riders in Ado-Ekiti Local Government Area, Ekiti State. A mixed-method design was adopted using survey that consisted of 337 valid responses (91% response rate) and 12 in-depth interviews with were conducted among 12 commercial riders who were purposively selected because of the level of their engagement in peer-led discussions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of quantitative data and thematic analysis of qualitative data. Results showed a middle range prevalence of peer-to-peer discussions of sexual health (Mean = 3.53, SD = 1.01), which did significantly enhance the level of knowledge good riders possess on proper condom use (Mean = 3.65, SD = 0.94) as well as the encouragement of consistent condom use (Mean = 3.58, SD = 0.97). The constructs of the Social Cognitive Theory, namely, observational learning and reinforcement were present because peer influence and role modelling encouraged safer sexual behaviour. However, socio-cultural beliefs, religious beliefs, fear of ridicule, misinformation, and lack of time barred peer communication (Mean = 3.33, SD = 0.99). The study concluded that peer discussions are a relatively unexploited, but effective method of improving the use of condoms by commercial motorcycle riders. It recommended the use of peer-led health education reinforcement, cultural barriers, and the encouragement of peer role models to ensure a consistent use of condoms and minimize the risks of STIs/HIV.
Assessment of Science Teachers’ Job Satisfaction Level: A Study of Gashu’a Education Zone, Yobe-Nigeria
This study assessed the level of job satisfaction of science teachers in Gashu’a education zone, Yobe-Nigeria. The study rested on Self-determination Theory (SDT). The design of the study was descriptive survey research. The population of the study included 289 secondary school science teachers in Gashu’a education zone. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 162 science teachers who participated in the study. The instrument for data collection was designated Science Teachers Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (STEJOSAQ) with reliability coefficient of 0.88 was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha through split half method. Mean, standard deviation and independent sample t-test were used to address research question and hypothesis respectively at 0.05 levels of significance. Findings of the study showed that there was no notable discrepancy in the job satisfaction between male and female secondary school science teachers in Gashu’a Education Zone, Yobe-Nigeria. Equally, the findings demonstrated that job satisfaction of secondary school science teachers was low. It was recommended that government should give priority to teachers’ job satisfaction by providing supportive working condition, professional development programs and special remuneration for secondary school science teachers to raise teachers’ job satisfaction levels.
From Prompt to Performance: Assessing Artificial Intelligence’s Role in Individualized Exam Preparation Among Undergraduate Engineering Students
Students in a southwestern Nigerian university use artificial intelligence (AI) tools for individualized exam preparation. Adopting a descriptive cross-sectional design grounded in the UTAUT2 framework, data were collected from 117 students across six disciplines using a structured questionnaire. Findings revealed that 90.6% of respondents use AI for academic purposes, with 72.9% employing it regularly during exam preparation. Students perceived AI as effective in simplifying complex concepts (M=4.25) and boosting confidence (β=0.521, p<0.001), with 34.7% of confidence variance explained by AI use frequency. Biomedical and Computer Engineering students showed higher adoption and confidence levels than others. The study concludes that AI tools enhance individualized exam readiness but require ethical guidelines and context-specific integration for optimal benefits.
Audience Perception of Social Media Influencers and Their Influence on Consumer Purchase Intention in Abuja
This study examined audience perception of social media influencers and their influence on consumer purchase intention in Abuja, Nigeria. The survey research method was adopted, using a self-administered questionnaire to gather data. A total of 380 respondents participated in the study determined through multistage sampling. The data gathered was descriptively analysed using table frequencies and percentages. Findings revealed that there is a high exposure to social media influencers among residents in Abuja, especially among the young and educated demographics. Most respondents perceived influencers as being credible, trustworthy and knowledgeable, consistent with the Source Credibility Theory. The results further showed that positive perception of influencer credibility strongly influenced consumer purchase intentions, with 72.1% of respondents considering products recommended by influencers and 64.7% confirming actual purchases. The study concludes that social media influencers significantly shape consumer behaviour in Abuja and recommends that brands, influencers and communication practitioners prioritise authenticity, transparency and credibility in digital campaigns.
Science Teachers as Catalysts for Environmental Literacy: A Review of Pedagogical Innovations for Sustainability in the 21st Century
Addressing the escalating global environmental crises necessitates environmental literacy (EL) to foster a generation capable of tackling complex sustainability challenges. Science teachers are primary change agents, imparting crucial knowledge and inspiring action. This review systematically synthesizes literature on pedagogical innovations enhancing science teachers' effectiveness in cultivating EL and sustainability education in 21st century classrooms. The article identifies and discusses five key Pedagogical approaches, including inquiry-based learning, place-based education, and technology-enhanced learning, among others. These innovations significantly improve students' cognitive, affective and psychomotor dimensions of EL, enhancing critical thinking skills, environmental problem-solving skills and heightened environmental consciousness. Successful implementation hinges on professional development, supportive policy, and resource access. The article reiterates science teachers' pivotal role in driving environmental change and outlines implications for teacher education, curriculum design and future research towards a sustainable future.
Relationship Among Availability, Adequacy and Utilization of Information and Communication Technology Facilities for Teaching and Academic Achievements of Mathematics Undergraduate Students in Universities in Gombe State, Nigeria
The study examined the relationship among availability, adequacy, and utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities and the academic achievement of mathematics undergraduates in universities in Gombe State, Nigeria. A correlational research design was adopted with a sample of 92 lecturers and 192 students. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analysed using mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis at the 0.05 significance level. Results revealed significant positive relationships among availability, adequacy, and utilization of ICT facilities and students’ academic achievement, but no significant relationship was found between gender and ICT utilization. The study recommends that universities enhance ICT provision and training for effective integration in teaching and learning.
Readers’ Reception of Print Media Messages on the 2024 Cholera Outbreak in Lagos State, Nigeria
The mass media plays a pivotal role in the dissemination of information during health emergencies. The media does not only bring emergency messages to the people, but also influence public opinions and perceptions. Therefore, this study examined the newspaper readers’ reception of the print media messages during the 2024 cholera outbreak in Lagos state. The major aim of the study was to analyse the newspaper readers’ reception of the print media cholera messages during the 2024 cholera outbreak in Lagos state. The study is hinged on Reception Analysis and Uses and Gratifications theories. Survey and in-depth interview methods were employed in the study. The survey method was used to gather data from the sample population of 800 respondents who were systematically drawn from seven (7) selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Lagos state. In addition, fourteen (14) opinion leaders were randomly selected and interviewed. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analysed, and the core findings of the study showed that 97.7% of the respondents were well aware of the 2024 cholera outbreak; 89.0% agreed that the message was about health emergency, and 89.4% perceived the message as being very helpful. It was therefore concluded that print media is a reliable means of getting health information across to the masses. Subsequently, the study recommended that the government and health authorities should further explore and utilise the print media as a veritable means of reaching out to the populace during health emergencies.
Conceptual Analysis of Hermeneutic Media Theory
The field of hermeneutics, guided by the works of philosophers such as Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, Gadamer, and Ricoeur, has shaped the approach towards the interpretation of texts and communication. Unlike the more conventional approach to communication, hermeneutics understands communication as distinct from mere transmission and emphasizes the pivotal role of situated interpretation and culture. Its relevance to analyzing texts stems from the interplay and transition accompanying media, journalism, advertising, and digital communication, where meaning is constantly shaped and contested. This seminar incorporated contemporary writings, peer-reviewed articles, and philosophical works precisely to analyze the evolution of the hermeneutic approach to communication. Using desk study methodology and qualitative analysis, the research aimed to address the strengths and weaknesses, namely the instability of meaning across cultural and media contexts, of hermeneutic theory in contemporary communication research. The findings of the research posit that the theory of hermeneutics is invaluable in the field of mass communication because advanced qualitative research needs to be complemented with exploration of the processes by which meanings are constructed, mediated, and interpreted. It enhances qualitative research in the field of mass communication and provides frameworks for audience interpretation, ideological framing, and media ethics. Critiques of the study are its subjectivity, lack of generalizability, and predictive capacity relative to positivist models. The conclusions drawn from the study indicate that the use of mass communication in research will continue to require the use of hermeneutic theory. It recommends that incorporating hermeneutics with restricted balanced empirical approaches can endorsement to fostering deeper interpretative insight as well as methodological rigor in communication studies.
Headlines as Battlegrounds: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Fake News Denials in Nigeria
The persistence of fake news undermines public communication and institutional legitimacy, especially in fragile democracies like Nigeria. While previous studies have explored the production and spread of misinformation, fewer have examined how news outlets construct their denials. This study investigates how Punch newspaper framed its fake news denials in August 2025, focusing on headlines and lead paragraphs as spaces where credibility and authority are negotiated. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) informed by Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model and Van Leeuwen’s legitimation strategies, the study analyzes eighteen purposively selected denial items across themes of governance, security, and celebrity news. Findings show systematic use of lexical intensifiers, rhetorical appeals (ethos, logos, pathos), and legitimation strategies such as authorization, moral evaluation, and rationalization. Through these discursive resources, Punch delegitimizes falsehoods and reinforces institutional credibility. The study concludes that fake news denials function not only as factual corrections but as strategic discursive acts that restore media legitimacy and shape socio-political narratives. It contributes to broader discussions on misinformation by revealing how denials can operate as tools of power, persuasion, and trust-building in democratic communication.
Effect of Puzzle-Based Game Strategy in Computer Science Unplugged on Students' Academic Performance in Kwara State, Nigeria
Computer Science Unplugged (CSU) is an innovative approach to teaching computational concepts through hands-on activities without using computers. This study investigated the effect of a puzzle-based game strategy within the CSU framework on students’ academic performance in Kwara State, Nigeria. Sixteen Junior Secondary School students participated in a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test at 0.05 significance level, were used for analysis. Findings showed that the puzzle-based strategy significantly improved problem-solving skills (mean difference = 9.4), and students exhibited positive attitudes toward the method (grand mean = 3.04). No significant gender difference was found (t = -0.505, p = 0.617). The study concludes that CSU puzzle-based learning enhances students’ comprehension and is equally effective across genders. It recommends integrating unplugged strategies into computer studies curricula to improve engagement and learning outcomes.
Security and Economic Development in Karim Lamido Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria
This study assesses the effects of insecurity on economic growth in Karim Lamido Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. The region faces ongoing conflicts primarily driven by herders' insurgency, banditry, and communal violence. Using qualitative method, the study investigates how security challenges impede economic development by disrupting agricultural activities, trade, and investment, which are vital economic drivers in the area. It identifies critical issues such as population displacement, infrastructure destruction, and loss of livelihoods. Additionally, it examines the ensuing decline in GDP, employment rates, and government revenue. Findings demonstrate the negative impact of insecurity on local economies and an increased reliance on humanitarian assistance. The paper concludes with policy recommendations, including enhancing security infrastructure, encouraging peacebuilding initiatives, and promoting regional economic diversification to address the long-term consequences of insecurity on economic growth in Karim Lamido, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Impact Of Instructional Materials on Biology Achievement Among Senior Secondary School Students in Gumel, Jigawa State
Students’ poor achievement in Biology has been widely associated with limited use of instructional materials. This study investigated the effects of instructional materials on the academic achievement of Biology students in Gumel, Jigawa State. Specifically, it examined whether instructional materials improve students’ achievement in Biology and whether gender differences exist in achievement when such materials are used. A quasi-experimental design involving experimental and control groups was adopted. A total of 104 SS2 Biology students were randomly selected from a population of 3,255 students across 17 public secondary schools. The experimental group was taught using instructional materials, while the control group received instruction without them. Data were collected using the Biology Achievement Test (BPT), developed from past WAEC questions, validated by experts in Science Education, and found reliable with a coefficient of 0.88. Pre- and post-tests were administered, and independent t-tests were conducted at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that students taught with instructional materials recorded significantly higher mean achievement scores than those taught without them. However, no significant difference was found between male and female students exposed to instructional materials. The study concluded that instructional materials significantly enhance comprehension and achievement in Biology, irrespective of gender, and recommended their consistent use in classroom teaching.
Ethics and Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities in Nigeria: A Philosophical Analytical Study
This paper adopts a philosophical and analytical approach informed by ethical ideas such as Rawls’s theory of justice and Nussbaum’s capabilities approach to examine the moral imperative of inclusive education for children with disabilities in Nigeria. Data was drawn from Nigeria’s 2018 DiscriminationAgainst Persons with Disabilities (Prohibition) Act, the 2017 National Policy on Inclusive Education, alongside published reports, journal articles, and civil society writings. These documents were analyzed through the lens of justice, human dignity, and moral duty to highlight both the promises of policy and the realities of cultural practice. Findings reveal that while Nigeria has established formal policies promoting inclusion, deep-rooted cultural beliefs continue to hinder their effective implementation. Disability is often stigmatized, associated with misfortune or superstition, which undermines efforts to create inclusive learning spaces. This disconnection between policy ideals and societal attitudes has slowed progress in ensuring equal opportunities for children with disabilities. Nevertheless, the involvement of civil society groups, such as The Irede Foundation, is gradually shifting perceptions and providing practical support for inclusive practices in schools. The paper concludes that there exists a strong moral obligation, grounded in international human rights frameworks, to ensure that Nigerian schools are inclusive, respectful, and empowering environments for all learners. To achieve this, greater investment is needed in teacher training on inclusive pedagogy, the development of accessible learning environments, and stronger collaborations with civil society to dismantle cultural barriers and translate inclusive education policies into meaningful practice.
Democratic Participation and teaching practices in Public Pre-schools in Epe Local Government Education Authority
This study investigated the practicalities of democratic participation and the effects of teaching practices on the learning development of children in public pre-schools within Epe Local Government Education Authority, Lagos State. Emphasis was placed on understanding how child-centred approaches and inclusive practices contribute to early learning, as well as evaluating the extent to which government policies support children. A qualitative descriptive research design was adopted, and data was gathered from 100 ECCDE teachers selected from ten randomly sampled public primary schools. A validated, self-developed questionnaire served as the main instrument for data collection. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential analysis using the one-sample t-test were employed to interpret the data. These methods were shown to positively influence children’s learning development, particularly in cognitive, language, and social domains. However, challenges persist in terms of resource availability, professional development, and administrative support. Findings indicate incresing adoption of democraticclassroom practices and child centered teaching methods that enhance cognitive, language and social dedelopment. However, challenges persist due to limited resourses,inconsistent teacher training and weak policy implementation. Hence, the study recommended targeted teacher training, improved learning resources, stronger policy implementation, and community engagement to enhance the effectiveness of early childhood education. These steps are essential for ensuring equitable learning outcomes for all children in line with global education goals. Word count: 216
Arabic For Special Purpose in Nigeria: A Case of Heath-Workers’ Perceptions on the Usefulness for Communication and Healing
This study looked into the usefulness of Arabic in hospital settings, focusing on three areas: addressing locations within the hospital, communication through Arabic loan-words and Arabic recitations and supplications from the Qur’an and Hadith in healing. A descriptive survey was conducted at Muslim Hospital in Kishi, Oyo State, Nigeria with 124 staff members including doctors, nurses and other health workers. Data was collected through a 15-item questionnaire validated by experts with a reliability coefficient of .78 obtained through Cronbach’s alpha statistics.The findings showed that health workers see Arabic as useful for addressing locations within the hospital as Arabic inscriptions help in navigation and beautify the hospital. Similarly, Arabic loan-words facilitate communication with commonly used phrases like “Assalaamualaykum” and “Jazakumul-Lahu khairan”. Arabic recitations and supplications from the Qur’an and Hadith are also recognized for their role in healing and well-being. T-test analysis showed no significant gender difference in the perceived usefulness of Arabic for navigation, communication and healing. This is contrary to previous studies that suggested gender-based language preference in healthcare settings. Based on these findings, the study recommends that Arabic inscriptions and Qur’anic verses be formally integrated into hospital signage to improve accessibility and create a spiritually supportive environment. Training programs should also be introduced to equip health workers with basic Arabic skills for better communication and patient interaction. Future research should extend beyond Kishi to explore the implication of Arabic in healthcare services across different regions.
Place of Rail Transport Operations on Food Security in South Eastern Nigeria’s Rail Corridor
This study investigated the implications of rail transport operations on food security in Enugu North and Portharcourt Local Government Areas of the Eastern District of Nigerian Railway Corporation. Data for this study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The survey research design and pre-test test reliability testing of the questionnaire were adopted. A multiple regression analyses technique using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) was adopted to determine the significant effect of the rail transportation operations on food security in Eastern Nigeria. The study found that there is a threat of food insecurity resulting from higher cost of transporting agricultural products by road. Train services in the south east at the moment are only limited to Portharcourt in Rivers state and Aba in Abia State while Enugu which is the administrative headquarters only coordinates operations without enjoying the actual rail services. Rail transport services that are supposed to transport surplus agricultural products from the northern part of the country including Maiduguri and Makurdi to the south eastern corridor are non-existent. The study recommends the extension of the revitalisation of rail infrastructure to the south east, allow private sector funding, the rehabilitation of the existing narrow gauge eastern rail lines in the interim to enable it resume services covering Portharcourt to Maiduguri in the north east. This will go a long way to eliminating the high cost of road transport and force down food prices in the region.
Effects of Mind Mapping Teaching Strategy on the Academic Retention of Senior Secondary School Students in Biology in Adamawa State, Nigeria
The study investigated the effect of mind mapping teaching strategy on the academic retention of senior secondary school students in biology in Adamawa State. The design for the study was pretest, posttest non randomized, control group quasi-experimental design. All 366 senior secondary schools in the education zones of Adamawa state with a total of 10,483 students constituted the population for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 203 subjects from four schools in two education zones in Adamawa State for the study. Simple random technique was used to select and assign two intact classes in each of the schools in the two zones into experimental and control groups respectively. Biology Achievement Test (BAT) was used for data collection. Two research questions were raised and answered while two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significant. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test null hypotheses. The results obtained indicated that students taught biology using mind mapping teaching strategy significantly achieved higher retention than those taught using lecture teaching method, F= 148.669 (df1), P=.000. There is a significant gender effect on the achievement of students taught with mind mapping and lecture method of teaching and is in favor of the male students F= 4.388 (df1), P=.037 . Based on the findings it was recommended that teachers should be encouraged in the use of mind mapping teaching strategy for teaching biology.
Miseducation and the Subversion of Knowledge: Examining the Dangers of Teaching Unverified Data for Nation Building and Sustainable Development
This article interrogates the dangers of miseducation and the teaching of unverified data to students, situating the discussion within the broader dynamics of knowledge suppression and distortion. Building upon the historical reality that the English word God is a late Germanic import imposed upon biblical texts, the study employs the concept of divine subversion as an analogy for how education can be manipulated to elevate certain narratives while marginalising others. Such practices of distortion, whether linguistic or pedagogical, reveal how systems of knowledge can be co-opted to serve ideological purposes rather than truth. The article argues that miseducation undermines nation-building by producing citizens who are unable to critically interrogate knowledge, thereby weakening democratic processes and civic responsibility. Furthermore, it compromises the sustainable development of human minds by cultivating intellectual passivity and dependence on unverified authorities. Drawing from translation studies, postcolonial theory, and critical pedagogy, the article demonstrates that teaching unverified data is not merely an academic error but a structural danger that shapes collective memory, political culture, and national development. It concludes that decolonial and evidence-based pedagogical frameworks are essential for building resilient societies capable of critical thought and sustainable human flourishing.
Reimagining Digital Discipleship in Africa: The 4-E Model of Engage, Educate, Empower, and Evangelise
This study develops the 4-E Model of Digital Discipleship Engage, Educate, Empower, Evangelise as a contextual framework for integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) into youth ministry. Grounded in practical theology, transformative learning, and media-ecology theory, it explores how digital tools such as social media, livestreaming, and mobile applications can nurture participatory leadership and mission innovation among digital-native youths in Nigeria. Using a qualitative descriptive method based on field interviews and congregational analysis, the paper argues that each phase of the model aligns theology with pedagogy: engagement builds relational empathy and inclusion; education cultivates critical and theological literacy; empowerment equips youths for co-creation and leadership; and evangelism expresses faith through ethical storytelling and social responsibility. The model functions as a cyclical praxis that redefines discipleship from passive consumption to collaborative participation, situating digital competence as a theological vocation. Findings indicate that when ICT is used within an ethical and spiritually grounded framework, it revitalises youth ministry, strengthens communal identity, and extends the Church’s mission beyond physical boundaries. The article concludes that digital discipleship, properly guided by the 4-E Model, represents an incarnational renewal of ministry in the twenty-first-century Church.
Parental Socio-Economic Status and Child Abuse: Evidence From Upper Basic Education Students in Northern Senatorial District of Cross River State
This study investigated the relationship between parental socio-economic status, physical abuse, and emotional abuse among Upper Basic Education students in the Northern Senatorial District of Cross River State. Two research questions guided the study, and two hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The study employed a correlational survey design. The population comprised 12,892 Upper Basic Education students across 102 Basic Education Schools, while a sample of 384 respondents was selected using Glenn’s (2012) formula for sample size determination. Data were collected using three researcher-developed instruments: the Parental Socio-Economic Questionnaire, the Physical Abuse Questionnaire, and the Emotional Abuse Questionnaire. Pearson’s product-moment correlation was used to answer research questions, while linear regression tested the hypotheses. Results revealed a significant negative correlation between parental socio-economic status and physical abuse (r = –0.42, p < 0.01), as well as between socio-economic status and emotional abuse (r = –0.36, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that students from lower socio-economic backgrounds are at greater risk of both physical and emotional abuse. The study recommended that counsellors and teachers should intensify awareness campaigns to educate parents and communities on the harmful effects of abuse and promote nurturing home environments, particularly in economically disadvantaged settings.
Safeguarding Human Rights in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Evaluating the Adequacy of Legal Frameworks in criminal justice
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into criminal justice systems is reshaping law enforcement, adjudication, and corrections. From predictive policing to algorithmic risk assessments and sentencing recommendations, AI tools promise increased efficiency and consistency. However, their deployment raises critical legal and ethical concerns. This paper examines the impact of AI through the lens of fairness, accountability, transparency, and human rights, focusing on issues such as algorithmic bias, model opacity, and the reinforcement of systemic inequalities. It assesses whether existing legal frameworks constitutional protections, data privacy laws, and international human rights standards offer adequate safeguards. Drawing on comparative insights from jurisdictions using AI in justice, the analysis underscores both opportunities and risks, and calls for robust regulation and ethical oversight. The paper concludes that without strong legal safeguards, AI risks undermining fundamental rights and public trust in the justice system.
Colonial Workforce and Institutionalization of Gender Inequality in Oron Society, 1900-1960
This study examines the impact of colonialism on the workforce and gender dynamics in Oron society between 1900 and 1960. It argues that the introduction of colonial policies significantly altered traditional gender roles and exacerbated inequality. Before colonial rule, Oron society operated on a system where men and women had complementary, though distinct, roles with women playing a central part equally. This balance was disrupted as the colonial government prioritized male labour for public works, forced labour and the cultivation of cash crops like palm produce, which were deemed more valuable to their colonial economy. This led to a growing economic disparity between the genders, as men's economic power increased while women's was diminished , devalued and marginalized in colonial formal economy .The study employs historical tools of qualitative analysis garnered from data obtained from primary and secondary sources. The study fills a gap in gender studies as it concludes that the colonial period was a transformative era that institutionalized new forms of gender inequality in Oron society by reshaping the workforce and undermining the pre-existing, more balanced gender-specific systems ,hence, the legacy of these colonial policies continues to influence gender relations and economic roles in the region today. Keywords: , , , , .
Couples’ Perceptions of Family Planning Communication Campaigns in Rivers State, Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Appraisal
This study examined couples’ perceptions of family planning communication campaigns in Etche and Omuma Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Rivers State, Nigeria, using a mixed-methods approach. The objectives were to (1) determine the current percentage of couples exposed to the family planning communication campaign, (2) assess the extent to which campaign messages increased knowledge and awareness, and (3) ascertain the degree to which communication efforts influenced couples’ attitudes and adoption decisions. Quantitative data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 384 randomly selected couples, complemented by 16 in-depth interviews with community health workers and opinion leaders. Data were presented in tables, while analyses were made in simple percentages and weighted mean score (WMS), based on 4-point modified Likert Scale. Findings reveal that only 38% of respondents reported active exposure to family planning campaign messages, while 62% had little or no exposure. Knowledge and awareness levels were relatively low, with 39% indicating that messages improved their understanding of contraceptive options, while 61% reported limited or no significant increase in awareness. Attitudinal shifts showed mixed outcomes-35% of couples expressed positive changes towards adoption, 40% held mixed feelings, and 25% remained resistant. The study concludes that while campaigns are reaching nearly half of the target population, message penetration and attitudinal impact remain insufficient, requiring more culturally sensitive, locally tailored communication strategies.
Effect of Google Classroom on Mathematics Achievement among Junior Secondary School Students in Enugu State, Nigeria
As new technologies enter the teaching and learning sector, which is increasingly going digital, educational teaching and learning have changed. Programs like Google Classroom are becoming more and more relevant. Although it has been implemented in schools all over the world, its success in Nigerian secondary schools, at least in mathematics, has not been achieved. This study sought to determine whether junior secondary school students' performance in mathematics at Urban Secondary Schools in Enugu State, Nigeria, was impacted by their use of Google Classroom. Based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, it examined how Google Classroom affected student achievement and the variations in learning outcomes. A quasi-experimental approach was chosen, and 350 students made up the study population. A sample of 87 individuals was determined using a formula put out by Taro Yamane. Data was gathered using the questionnaire, and a descriptive analysis was carried out. These results demonstrated that students using Google Classroom had higher academic standards and were more engaged and active learners than students in traditional classroom settings. In order to improve mathematics instruction in junior secondary schools, it has been determined that Google Classroom can be utilized. It makes the case that educators and school administrators should think about integrating Google Classroom into the classroom in order to help create engaging learning environments and enhance students' mathematical achievement.