COVENANT MEAL OR MIRACLE MEAL? A CRITIQUE OF HOLY COMMUNION SERVICE IN SELECTED NIGERIAN CHURCHES IN THE CONTEXT OF 1 CORINTHIANS 11:24-29

Abstract

There are significant theological and ethical issues raised by the increasing trivialisation and commercialisation of Holy Communion in Nigerian churches, which warrant thorough scholarly investigation. The serious warnings against unworthy participation in 1 Corinthians 11:24-29 are largely overlooked in existing research on Eucharistic practice in Nigeria, which often highlights its communal, healing, and charismatic features. This study examines four Nigerian denominations, including the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Living Faith Church (also known as Winners Chapel), the Catholic Church, and the Apostolic Faith Church, to critically analyse how Holy Communion is understood and misinterpreted in practice. The aim is to gain a better understanding of these churches’ views and practices regarding the sacrament, with particular focus on its communal, ethical, and covenantal dimensions. The research is confined to these four denominations to facilitate a focused comparative theological analysis within contemporary Nigerian Christianity. A qualitative methodology, incorporating doctrinal analysis, participant observation, and a review of official church documents, provides a detailed insight into sacramental practices. Results indicate a widespread neglect of ethical preparation and covenantal theology, resulting in the commodification of rituals and undermining communal integrity. The study concludes that Nigerian churches must reclaim a balanced Eucharistic theology that includes covenant fidelity, ethical seriousness, and communal responsibility. It advocates for renewed catechesis, enhanced pastoral oversight, and contextually appropriate sacramental discipline.