Safeguarding Human Rights in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Evaluating the Adequacy of Legal Frameworks in criminal justice

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into criminal justice systems is reshaping law enforcement, adjudication, and corrections. From predictive policing to algorithmic risk assessments and sentencing recommendations, AI tools promise increased efficiency and consistency. However, their deployment raises critical legal and ethical concerns. This paper examines the impact of AI through the lens of fairness, accountability, transparency, and human rights, focusing on issues such as algorithmic bias, model opacity, and the reinforcement of systemic inequalities. It assesses whether existing legal frameworks constitutional protections, data privacy laws, and international human rights standards offer adequate safeguards. Drawing on comparative insights from jurisdictions using AI in justice, the analysis underscores both opportunities and risks, and calls for robust regulation and ethical oversight. The paper concludes that without strong legal safeguards, AI risks undermining fundamental rights and public trust in the justice system.